Shrimp plants (Justicia brandegeeana), also known as false hop or Mexican shrimp plants, are indigenous to the Central American region. This includes Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras.
Popular for their unique, beautiful appearance, shrimp plants have naturalized in various parts of the world, including the plains of Florida. These evergreen, hardy plants belong to acanthus family Acanthaceae in the genus Justicia.
Shrimp plants are not only visually striking additions to home gardens but also versatile in their uses. Commonly cultivated as ornamentals, they thrive as both potted houseplants and patio displays.
Their nectar-rich flowers are usually a magnet for pollinators, making shrimp plants invaluable for wildlife-friendly home gardens. They are resilient to pests and easy to care for. These characteristics make them a popular choice among gardeners of all experience levels.
Description of Shrimp Plants
Shrimp plants typically reach a height of about 39 inches (100 cm) and a width of 24 to 35 inches (60-90 cm). Their stems and leaves have a soft, downy texture. The leaves are distinctive for their variegated patterns and tend to grow in clusters along the branches.
The sunlight reception influences the intensity of the creamy white variegation on the leaves. This means, the more sunlight your plant receives, the greater the intensity of white variegation on its leaves
The plant’s uniquely styled flowers emerge from distinctive bracts that grow directly from the stems.
The bracts usually emerge in white color, but with increased sun exposure, they transform into shades ranging from light pink to deep salmon. These bract chains continue to grow until they eventually fall off, resulting in lengths that can vary from a few centimeters to nearly 30 centimeters (about 1 foot).
The flowers, which are usually long, slender, and white with dappled maroon throats, emerge from these bracts. They serve as a delightful attraction for butterflies, hummingbirds, and other pollinators.
Shrimp plants exhibit an extended blooming period, often lasting for several months. After that, they stop blooming for a short period and start over again.
Growing Shrimp Plants
Jonathan Cutrer from San Angelo, United States, Morning sun on the green lawn (29204539325), CC BY 2.0
Light
Shrimp plants need sunlight to exhibit their brightest colors. However, excessive sunlight may cause color fading. So, it is best to grow them in places that receive morning sun.
Ideally, these plants grow well in partial to full shade conditions. In their native lands, they naturally thrive in the dappled shade beneath taller trees. You can encourage their healthy growth by recreating this condition.
Soil
Shrimp plants prefer well-draining, loamy, or sandy soil. This soil type prevents waterlogging, which can lead to root rot.
Shrimp plants are adaptable to a range of soil pH levels, thriving best in slightly acidic to neutral conditions (pH 6.0-7.0). This flexible character makes them adaptable to various gardening environments.
Water
Shrimp plants prefer consistently moist but not soggy soil. As tropical natives, they enjoy high-humidity conditions. Established plants have some drought-tolerant characteristics.
Whenever the top one inch of the soil dries away water thoroughly. Avoid letting the soil dry out completely. Maintain consistent moisture in your shrimp plant’s soil without overwatering as it may lead to diseases like root rot. Tailor your watering routine to your shrimp plant’s specific needs and local climate for optimal growth.
Temperature and Humidity
Shrimp plants do well in areas with temperatures consistently above 13°C (55°F). These plants are highly sensitive to frost and freezing conditions. However, established plants can thrive on occasional hard frosts. They die back in cooler climates and sprout again as warm weather returns.
Generally, these plants don’t tolerate temperatures below 7°C (45°F). In such conditions, it’s best to grow them indoors. They can thrive in low lighting conditions, making excellent potted houseplants.
Shrimp plants can also tolerate drier conditions indoors. However, higher humidity levels will enhance their growth and overall health. To boost humidity, consider using a room humidifier or a humidity tray. Misting can also help, but be cautious not to over-saturate the plant, as this can lead to fungal problems.
Propagating Shrimp Plants
Hedwig Storch, Madeira, Palheiro Gardens – Justicia brandegeeana IMG 2319, CC BY-SA 3.0
There are different methods to propagate shrimp plants as follows:
Stem cuttings are the easiest way for beginner gardeners to start new plants.
The division is ideal for established, mature plants.
Air layering is a reliable method with a high success rate.
Growing plants from seeds is more challenging but can be very rewarding.
Propagation from Stem Cuttings
Shrimp plants are easily propagated from cuttings. Follow the simple steps below:
Choose a mature, healthy shrimp plant for sourcing cuttings. Ensure the specimen is free from any sort of diseases or pests and has vibrant foliage.
Using clean, sharp scissors or shears, cut off the selected non-woody stems just below a leaf node. Aim for at least 4-6 inches long cuttings, as this is the ideal size for the development of roots. Remove leaves from the bottom two-thirds of the cutting to minimize water loss.
Apply rooting hormone to the cut end of the shrimp plant cutting. This promotes root growth.
Place the cuttings in a container filled with a well-draining potting medium. Make sure the soil stays damp but not overly saturated. Place the potted cuttings in a warm, humid location with indirect light. Keep the soil consistently moist.
You can also create a mini greenhouse by covering the pot with a humidity dome or plastic bag. This helps maintain moisture levels. However, remove the covering every day for a brief time. This ensures good ventilation and prevents fungal or Mold issues.
Your cuttings should root in 6-8 weeks. Once they have established roots, you can transplant them into larger pots or your garden.
Propagation from Divisions
Mokkie, Mexican Shrimp Plant (Justicia brandegeeana), CC BY-SA 4.0
Dividing an established shrimp plant is the simplest propagation method. This involves the following steps:
1.) Gently dig around the base of the shrimp plant to expose the root system.
2.) Carefully divide the root ball into two sections using a spade or a sharp knife. Ensure each section has a healthy portion of roots and stems for optimal growth.
3.) Replant each divided section in fresh potting soil or directly into your garden bed.
4.) Water the newly divided shrimp plants thoroughly and provide regular care as usual. Divisions typically establish faster than cuttings.
Seed Propagation
Shrimp plants reproduce naturally through seed production. However, due to low germination rates and slow growth, propagation from seeds is uncommon among gardeners. Follow the simple steps below:
1.) Begin by acquiring high-quality shrimp plant seeds. You can purchase these from a reputable source or collect them from a mature plant.
2.) To prepare the seeds for planting, immerse them in warm water for approximately 24 hours. This softens the seed coat, aiding in germination. After soaking the seed, gently scratch the outer layer to help it absorb water. This speeds up sprouting.
3.) Fill the seed tray or small container with sterile seed starting mix. Plant the prepared seeds to a depth of 1/4 inch in it.
4.) Place pots in a warm, well-lit area and maintain the soil evenly moist.
You can cover the pot with a humidity dome or plastic bag to create a mini greenhouse effect. But make sure to remove the covering briefly. This helps prevent fungus or Mold formation.
Initially, the gemination may seem slow. But it should be complete within 1-6 weeks. Once seedlings develop their second or third set of true leaves, they are ready to be transplanted.
Air Layering
Air layering is a technique where roots are induced to develop on a stem before it is separated from the parent plant. Let us dive into the process.
1.) Identify a stem that is developed but not hardened, aiming for a thickness of approximately 1/3 inch. Using a sharp knife, carefully remove a circular section of outer bark and tissue, about 1-2 inches wide.
2.) Gently apply rooting hormone to the wounded portion of the stem to encourage root formation. Carefully wrap the area with damp sphagnum moss.
You can also enclose the treated portion of the stem with plastic. But secure it gently with twist ties or wire. In about 1-3 months, roots start to form.
After a healthy mass of aerial roots develop, carefully cut beneath them to detach the newly formed plant. Then, grow it in a separate container.
Air layering is a slower process than some propagation methods, but it often yields higher success rates. Patience is key, and maintaining consistent moisture at the layering portion is crucial.
Caring Shrimp Plants
Salicyna, Justicia brandegeeana 2015-05-29 OB 228, CC BY-SA 4.0
Fertilizer
Typically, shrimp plants are low-maintenance plants. A balanced liquid fertilizer applied every 4-6 weeks during the growing season (spring to fall) is usually sufficient. Be cautious not to over-fertilize, as this can promote excessive leaf growth at the expense of flowers.
Monitor your plant’s appearance closely. Leggy or yellowing leaves might indicate a need for fertilizer adjustment. During winters avoid fertilizing, allowing plants to rest. Always follow the instructions from the fertilizer manufacturer.
Pruning
Regular pruning helps your shrimp plant thrive. To encourage bushier growth, prune your plant when blooming slows down in winter and early spring. Remove damaged, dead, leggy branches, and spent blooms. This will help maintain the plant’s shape and promote new growth.
You can also pinch back the tips of the stems to encourage branching, resulting in a fuller and more vibrant display. Shrimp plants are resilient, and a little pruning will not hurt them.
Overwintering
Shrimp plants love warm weather. If you live in an area with frost or cold temperatures, it is crucial to protect your plant from these conditions.
To shield your shrimp plant from cold weather, pot it and bring it indoors to a bright, indirect light location. If moving the plant indoors is not feasible, cover it with a garden blanket to protect it from frost.
Pests and Diseases in Shrimp Plants
Kirubar, Cotton Aphids, CC BY-SA 4.0
Shrimp plants, like most plants, are susceptible to pests. Common garden pests such as aphids, spider mites, whiteflies, mealybugs, and scale insects can infest these plants.
Regularly inspect your shrimp plant for signs of pests. To prevent infestations, ensure good airflow around the plant, avoid overwatering, prune regularly, and remove dead leaves or debris. If pests appear, try natural deterrents like garlic spray or neem oil. Companion planting with pest-repellent herbs can also help.
Conclusion
The shrimp plants have been honored with the prestigious Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. Shrimp plants (Justicia brandegeeana) can live anywhere from 3 to 20 years, depending on growing conditions. While their lifespan varies, they can thrive for many years as perennials, especially in their native tropical climates.
Quick Reference Guide
| Botanical Name | Justicia Brandegeana |
| Common Name | Shrimp Plants |
| Family | Acanthaceae |
| USDA hardiness zones | 10 – 11 |
| Plant Type | Perennial |
| Sun Light Exposure | Partial shade to Full shade |
| Soil Type and pH | Well draining Loamy soil (pH 6-7) |
| Mature Height and Spread | 39 inches (100 cm) and 24 to 35 inches (60-90 cm) |
| Bloom Time | Spring to Fall. |
| Flower Colours | White with pink, red or yellow bracts |
| Native | Mexico |
Frequently Asked Questions
Depending on the variety, the shrimp plants can be annuals or perennials. Golden shrimp plant (Pachystachys lutea) and Red shrimp plant (Justicia brandegeana) are generally considered perennials. Other cultivars such as the Blue shrimp plant (Cerinthe Major) are annuals.
Yes, shrimp plants thrive in pots. They’re actually quite well-suited to container gardening. Being able to move them indoors during colder months is a significant advantage of growing them in pots
While they are popular ornamental plants due to their unique flowers, they tend to spread rapidly in suitable conditions. In particular, the green shrimp plant (Blechum pyramidatum) is often listed as an invasive species in areas with frost-free climates.
Shrimp Plants are native to tropical and subtropical regions. Therefore, they thrive in warm temperatures.
Optimal temperature range: 68°F to 100°F (20°C to 38°C)
Minimum temperature: 50°F (10°C)
If temperatures drop below 50°F, the plant may suffer damage or even die. It’s best to bring them indoors during colder months if you live in a region with freezing temperatures.
Shrimp plants prefer partial shade to full sun. While they can tolerate full sun, they tend to bloom more profusely and have brighter colors when they receive morning sun and afternoon shade. Too much intense afternoon sun can cause the leaves to fade.
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