Bumblebees, also known as humble bees encompass over 250 species within the genus Bombus, a member of the bee family Apidae. The genus Bombus is the only surviving lineage within the Bombini group. While fossil records indicate the existence of now-extinct related genera like Calyptapis, Bombus stands alone today. Bumblebees are primarily found in the …
Click beetles, found across the globe, are known for the characteristic clicking sound they produce. While these beetles are generally harmless, their larvae, also known as wireworms, can cause significant damage to crops, leading some to view them as pests. With thousands of species, click beetles range from plain to intricately patterned, and some even …
Crown gall, a serious plant disease caused by the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, is characterized by the formation of large, tumor-like growths. These galls typically develop at the crown of the plant (where the stem meets the roots) but can also appear on stems and roots. By disrupting the plant’s water and nutrient transport systems, these …
Aphids are small, soft-bodied, sap-sucking insects. They have various names including plant lice, blackfly, and greenfly. These pests belong to the superfamily Aphidoidea. The scientific world has discovered about 4,000 species of aphids globally. Individuals of the same species can have various colors. Generally, Aphids prey on a wide range of plants. However, some species …
Powdery mildew is a fungal plant disease, common among a wide range of plant species. Many species of ascomycete fungi (Erysiphales order) cause this disease. However, it is easy to identify this disease. Depending on the infecting strain and severity, the infected plants produce a lesser quantity or quality of fruits or flowers. Although no …
Conditions that disrupt normal plant growth are called plant diseases. These diseases disturb the growth, function, normal structure, and other activities in plants. Usually, some casual agents cause these disturbances in plants. These agents can be infectious or noninfectious. Infectious Plant Diseases: Pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma, viruses, viroid, nematodes, parasites, etc., cause …